Solar Panel Tilt Angle Calculator — Calculation guide

Inputs

Find a quick preliminary fixed-panel inclination using the absolute site latitude as a baseline, then apply your own seasonal offset.

Enter signed latitude: north positive, south negative. Enter 0° adjustment for the latitude rule or test a seasonal offset.

Method and assumptions

Tilt (degrees) = clamp(|latitude| + adjustment, 0, 90). Hemisphere determines the approximate equator-facing direction.

Worked example

At 34° N with zero adjustment the rule suggests 34° tilt facing approximately south. A +10° offset gives 44°.

Limitations

This is a rough latitude heuristic, not a solar-yield optimization. Climate, shading, horizon, roof geometry, azimuth and electricity demand affect the true optimum. Near equator use site-specific orientation.

Is the latitude angle always optimal?

No. The ideal angle depends on your seasonal load profile and location-specific irradiance.